高考書面表達怎樣運用復雜結構和高級詞匯

高考書面表達怎樣運用復雜結構和高級詞匯

高考書面表達怎樣運用復雜結構和高級詞匯   

　　近幾年的高考《考試說明》中,關于高考英語書面表達評分標準第五檔(很好)中有這樣一段話:"應用了較多的語法結構和詞匯;語法結構或詞匯方面有些許錯誤,但為盡力使用較復雜結構或較高級詞匯所致。"這就是說,學生僅運用基礎的詞匯和基本的句型,不能體現(xiàn)出較強的語言運用能力,即使表達無語法錯誤,也不能得高分;相反有些錯誤,目的在有意識地使用復雜結構或較高級詞匯,也不扣分,仍屬于最高檔次。高考把寫作要求提到了這樣一個高度,有利于反映學生的水平層次,有利于指導教學。原來"要點完整,語言無誤,行文連貫,表達清楚"的標準就落后了。

　　在平時的教學中,訓練最多的,學生們也最習慣的是五種基本句型:①主語+謂語;②主語+謂語+賓語;③主語+謂語+間接賓語;④主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語;⑤主語+謂語+賓語+補足語。用這些句型組織的句子單一、無生氣,不能給人一種含金量高的審美享受。客觀形勢對我們提出了高難度的要求,我們怎樣才能對書面表達進行科學的操作?怎樣才能控制寫作呢?本文擬就這一課題進行討論,希望能給學生以啟迪,調(diào)動積極性,開拓思維,培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神。

　　首先,在整篇文章中,避免只使用一兩個句型,要靈活運用各種語法結構,使文章有聲有色。

　　一、改變時態(tài)

　　例:The bell is ringing now.(一般)

　　There goes the bell! (高級)

　　二、改變語態(tài)

　　例:People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般)

　　It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高級)

　　三、使用不定式

　　例:He is so kind that he can help me.(一般)

　　He is so kind as to help me.(高級)

　　四、使用過去分詞

　　例:①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(一般)

　　Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高級)

　?、贠nce it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般)

　　Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高級)

　　五、使用V-ing形式

　　例:①When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)

　　On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高級)

　?、贗f the weather permits, I＇ll come tomorrow.(一般)

　　I＇ll come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高級)

　　六、使用名詞性從句

　　例:①It disappointed everybody that he didn＇t turn up.(一般)

　　The fact that he didn＇t turn up disappointed everybody.(高級)

　?、贗 happened to have met him.(一般)

　　It happened that I had met him.(高級)

　?、跿o his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般)

　　What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高級)

　　七、使用定語從句

　　例:The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般)

　　The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高級)

　　八、使用狀語從句

　　例:①I won＇t believe what he says.(一般)

　　No matter what he says, I won＇t believe.(高級)

　?、贗f you come back before six o＇clock, you can go out.(一般)

　　You can go out on condition that(provided that) you come back before six o＇clock.(高級)

　?、跧f she doesn＇t agree, what shall we do?(一般)

　　Supposing that she doesn＇t agree, what shall we do?(高級)

　　九、使用虛擬語氣