科學(xué)與技術(shù)(Science and Technology)

科學(xué)與技術(shù)(Science and Technology)

科學(xué)與技術(shù)(Science and Technology)here is a difference between science and technology.Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools,techniques, and procedures for implementing the findings of science. Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each. Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth with the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay heed to their own or other people's likes or dislikes, or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or anger people--as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the option of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology;we do not have the option of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft-flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air. Unlike science, progress in technology must be our slave and not the reverse. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve peopie--people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. We are all familiar with the abuses of technology. Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion and even social decay in general--so much so that the promise of technology is obscured. That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will? 科學(xué)與技術(shù) 科學(xué)與技術(shù)是有區(qū)別的。科學(xué)致力于回答理論問(wèn)題，而技術(shù)則致力于解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題?？茖W(xué)關(guān)注的是發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)，找出自然界可觀察到的各種現(xiàn)象之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，并建立起一些理論，將這些事實(shí)與關(guān)聯(lián)組織起來(lái)；而技術(shù)則關(guān)注于將科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)訴諸實(shí)踐所需的工具、工藝及程序。 科學(xué)與技術(shù)的另一個(gè)區(qū)別在于其各自的發(fā)展進(jìn)程?？茖W(xué)的發(fā)展排除了人的因素。在試圖以最精確、最可靠的方式理解宇宙、了解真理的過(guò)程中，科學(xué)家不可顧及他們本人或他人的好惡以及公眾對(duì)事物合理性的構(gòu)想?？茖W(xué)家的發(fā)現(xiàn)可能使人震驚或惱火——如達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論。而即使是令人不快的發(fā)現(xiàn)也很可能具有實(shí)用價(jià)值。而且，我們還有拒絕相信的選擇!不過(guò)，技術(shù)就不同了。我們無(wú)法不聽在頭頂掠過(guò)的超音速飛機(jī)發(fā)出的轟鳴，我們無(wú)法拒絕呼吸污染了的空氣。與科學(xué)不同，技術(shù)上的進(jìn)步必須受制于我們，而不是相反。技術(shù)的正當(dāng)目的就是服務(wù)于人——是所有人，而不僅僅是某些人；未來(lái)一代的人，而不僅僅是那些希望馬上從中獲益的人。 我們熟知技術(shù)的弊病。許多人一般譴責(zé)技術(shù)本身擴(kuò)散污染，消耗能源，甚至導(dǎo)致社會(huì)腐敗——連技術(shù)的承諾也失色了。這承諾就是一個(gè)更干凈、更健康的世界。如果科學(xué)技術(shù)的善用不能引出更美好的世界，那還有什么可以呢?